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Polish–Teutonic War of 1519–1521 ((ドイツ語:Reiterkrieg), ''horsemen's war'', (ポーランド語:Wojna pruska), ''Prussian War'') was the war between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teutonic Knights, fought from 1519 to 1521. The war ended with the armistice in 1521. Four years later, with the Treaty of Kraków, part of the Catholic Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights became secularized as the Duchy of Prussia. The reigning Grand Master Albert of Hohenzollern-Brandenburg-Ansbach became the first Duke of Prussia by paying the Prussian Homage as vassal to his uncle, Polish king Sigismund I the Old. ==Prelude== In the late 1490s, the Order, which since the Second Peace of Thorn (1466) had its state under Polish suzerainty, developed the idea of electing only an Imperial Prince as future Grand Master, who as subject to the Emperor could resist having to pay homage to Kings of Poland. The order itself, which was present not only in Prussia but throughout the Empire, was also subordinate to the Holy Roman Emperor who, since 1501, had objected to Duke Frederick of Saxony, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order and Reichsfürst, offering tribute to the Polish king. When Frederick died in December 1510, Albert of Hohenzollern was chosen as his successor early in 1511 in the hope that his relationship to his maternal uncle, Sigismund I the Old, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland, would facilitate a settlement of the disputes over eastern Prussia. The new Grand Master, aware of his duties to the empire and to the papacy, refused to submit to the crown of Poland. As war over the Order's existence appeared inevitable, Albert made strenuous efforts to secure allies and carried on protracted negotiations with Emperor Maximilian I. However, in the meantime, the Order had been looking for other allies. In 1512, Muscovy invaded the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which was in personal union with Poland. The Order was supposed to help the Duchy, but it refused, angering the king of Poland and Lithuania. In 1517, the Teutonic Order signed an alliance with Vasili III of Muscovy. Albert, now feeling he held the upper hand, demanded from the Polish king the return of Royal Prussia and Warmia territories, and a large remuneration for "Polish occupation" of those territories. In response, first the diet of Prussia (Landtag or sejmik), and then, in December 1519, the main Polish sejm, declared that a state of war exists between Polish Kingdom and the Order. Lithuania, however, refused to aid Poland in this war, being occupied with the Muscovy threat. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Polish–Teutonic War (1519–21)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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